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The demographic of the world include population density, ethnicity, education level, health measures, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. According to the 2014 U.S. Census Bureau, the total population of the World was .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World POPClock Projection )〕 Its overall population density is 50 people per km² (129.28 per sq. mile), without including Antarctica. Nearly two-thirds of the population lives in Asia and is predominantly urban and suburban, with more than 2.5 billion in the countries of China and India combined. The World's fairly low literacy rate (83.7%) is attributable to impoverished regions. Extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, the Arab states, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism are the four largest religions encompassing a little over 75% of the populace. The world's largest ethnic group is Han Chinese. Although English (5.52%) is spoken by many as a second language, Mandarin Chinese (14.1%) and Spanish (5.85%) are the languages with the highest number of native speakers. Human migration has been shifting toward cities and urban centers, with the urban population jumping from 29% in 1950, to 50.5% in 2005.〔(CIA.gov World Factbook - World Statistics ) 〕 Working backwards from the United Nations prediction that the world will be 51.3 percent urban by 2010, Dr. Ron Wimberley, Dr. Libby Morris and Dr. Gregory Fulkerson estimated May 23, 2007 to be the first time the urban population outnumbered the rural population in history.〔(World Population Becomes More Urban That Rural )〕 China and India are the most populous countries, as the birth rate has consistently dropped in developed countries and until recently remained high in developing countries. Tokyo is the largest urban conglomeration in the world.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Cities: largest (without surrounding suburban areas) )〕 The total fertility rate of the World is estimated as 2.52 children per woman, which is above the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. However, world population growth is unevenly distributed, going from .91 in Macau, to 7.68 in Niger. The United Nations estimated an annual population increase of 1.14% for the year of 2000. There are approximately 3.38 billion females in the World. The number of males is about 3.41 billion. People under 14 years of age made up over a quarter of the world population (26.3%), and people age 65 and over made up less than one-tenth (7.9%) in 2011.〔 The world population growth is approximately 1.09%〔 The world population more than tripled during the 20th century from about 1.65 billion in 1900 to 5.97 billion in 1999.〔(World Population Prospects ): The 2008 Revision Population Database 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population Growth over Human History )〕 It reached the 2 billion mark in 1927, the 3 billion mark in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, and 5 billion in 1987.〔(World Population Milestones )〕 Currently, population growth is fastest among low wealth, Third World countries.〔(Population growth and poverty )〕 The UN projects a world population of 9.15 billion in 2050, which is a 32.69% increase from 2010 (6.89 billion).〔 == History == Historical migration of human populations begins with the movement of ''Homo erectus'' out of Africa across Eurasia about a million years ago. ''Homo sapiens'' appear to have occupied all of Africa about 150,000 years ago, moved out of Africa 70,000 years ago, and had spread across Australia, Asia and Europe by 40,000 years BC. Migration to the Americas took place 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, and by 2,000 years ago, most of the Pacific Islands were colonized. Until c. 10,000 years ago, humans lived as hunter-gatherers. They generally lived in small nomadic groups known as band societies. The advent of agriculture prompted the Neolithic Revolution, when access to food surplus led to the formation of permanent human settlements. About 6,000 years ago, the first proto-states developed in Mesopotamia, Egypt's Nile Valley and the Indus Valley. Early human settlements were dependent on proximity to water and, depending on the lifestyle, other natural resources used for subsistence. But humans have a great capacity for altering their habitats by means of technology. Since 1800, the human population has increased from one billion to over seven billion,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp )〕 In 2004, some 2.5 billion out of 6.3 billion people (39.7%) lived in urban areas. In February 2008, the U.N. estimated that half the world's population would live in urban areas by the end of the year. Problems for humans living in cities include various forms of pollution and crime,〔(http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/usrv98.htm -->http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/usrv98.pdf Urban, Suburban, and Rural Victimization, 1993–98 ) U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,. Accessed 29 Oct 2006〕 especially in inner city and suburban slums. Both overall population numbers and the proportion residing in cities are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://esa.un.org/unup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Demographics of the world」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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